sierra wireless batteries
Interesting Facts About Cell Phones
Cell phone is a wireless, portable, long-range, electronic telephone, which during travel can seamlessly change antenna connections, from one radio reception cell to another radio reception cell, without dropping or losing the ongoing call.
Besides the standard voice function of a telephone, latest cell phones have features such as SMS for text messages, MMS for multimedia messages, radio, games, internet connectivity for email, browsing, blogging, music (MP3) playback, memo recording, built-in cameras and camcorders, ringtones, personal organizers, Push-to-Talk (PTT), Bluetooth and infrared connectivity, call registers, streaming video, downloading video, video call, and also serve as wireless modems for PCs that can be connected to the Internet.
The power in a cell phone is obtained from rechargeable batteries, which can be recharged from the mains, a USB port or a cigarette lighter port in an automobile. Nickel Metal Hydride were the most common types of batteries, which due to the “memory effect” (the user can recharge only when the entire battery is drained off) were replaced by Lithium-Ion batteries, which did not suffer from any memory effect.
Cell phones came into existence because of the invention of hexagonal cells in 1947, for the base stations by Bell Labs engineers at AT&T. This was further developed during the 1960s by Bell Labs. During a call, the channel frequency could not be changed automatically from one cell (base station coverage area) to another cell (base station coverage area) as the person traveled from the area of one cell to the area of another cell. Amos Joel of Bell Labs invented a breakthrough invention and called it as the `call handoff` by which the channel frequency could be changed automatically from one cell to another cell, during the same call, as the mobile user traveled from one cell to another cell. Due to their heavy construction, these phones were used mainly in automobiles.
The first practical cell phone in a non-vehicle setting, and which could be handheld, was invented by Martin Cooper, the General Manager (Communications Division) of Motorola, who made the world`s first handheld cell phone call on April 3, 1973.
The technology by which the cell phone works depends on the mobile phone operator; however, all of them use electromagnetic radio waves, which are in touch with a cell site (base station). The base station is composed of several antennas which are mounted on a pole, tower, or building. Cell sites are spread at a distance of 5 to 8 miles (approx. 8 to 13 km) from each other. The low power transceiver from the cell phone transmits the voice and data to the nearest cell site. During movement, the cell phone will “handoff” the information to other cell site. Mobile phone operators use many technologies to maintain the smooth stream of digitized data from the cell phone to the cell site and vice versa.
The wireless telephone technologies are grouped under heads known as generations, starting from zero generation or 0G. The current generation going on is 4G; however, there are old cell phones that still operate on 1G, 2G, and 3G technologies. The wireless telephone technologies used in each generation are as given below:
0G: PTT, MTS, IMTS, AMTS, OLT, MTD, Autotel/PALM, ARP
1G: NMT, AMPS/TACS/ETACS, Hicap, CDPD, Mobitex, DataTac
2G: GSM, iDEN, D-AMPS, IS-95/cdmaOne, PDC, CSD, PHS, GPRS, HSCSD, WiDEN, CDMA2000 1xRTT/IS-2000, EDGE (EGPRS)
3G: W-CDMA, UMTS (3GSM), FOMA, TD-CDMA/UMTS-TDD, 1xEV-DO/IS-856, TD-SCDMA, GAN (UMA), HSPA, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+, HSOPA
4G : UMB, UMTS Revision 8 (LTE), WiMAX
Frequency bands: SMR, Cellular, PCS
The impact of cell phone usage on human health has been of considerable worldwide concern. Research studies in Copenhagen, from the Danish Institute of Cancer Epidemiology, the National Cancer Institute, and the Institute of Cancer Research, do not establish any link between cancer and cell phone usage. However, an intergovernmental agency IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer) forming part of the World Health Organization of the United Nations, undertook a study of 4,500 users and found a statistically significant link between cell phone usage and tumor frequency. Further research is going on.
Cell phone usage and driving is a common worldwide phenomenon. Some jurisdictions have banned usage of hand-held phones during driving, but allowed the hands-free fashion of cell phone usage while driving. However, studies have found out that the distraction is caused by the conversation itself; hence, both hand-held and hands-free cell phones contribute towards road traffic accidents. Further studies on cell phone usage and driving are going on.
Nokia Corporation is currently the world`s largest manufacturer of cell phones. Other notable cell phone manufacturers, in alphabetical order, are 3G, Audiovox (now UT Starcom), Benefon, BenQ-Siemens, Fujitsu, High Tech Computer Corporation (HTC), Kyocera, LG Mobile, Motorola, NEC, Panasonic (Matsushita Electric), Pantech Curitel, Philips, Research In Motion, Sagem, Samsung, Sanyo, Sharp, Siemens, Sierra Wireless, SK Teletech, Sony Ericsson, T&A Alcatel, Toshiba, and Verizon.
About the Author
This article can also be accessed in portuguese language from the News Article section of page www.polomercantil.com.br/celular.php
Roberto Sedycias works as IT consultant for www.PoloMercantil.com.br
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Orange Electronic P409S Retrofit Tire Pressure Monitoring System $108.01 Universal Fit Product Features *Includes a lithium ion battery *Projected 5 to 7 year battery life *Displays tire pressure *Ergonomic Design Orange Electronics Tire Pressure sensors feature a military specification lithium ion battery with a projected 5 to 7 year battery life. All sensors come complete with a unique valve stem assembly which incorporates a ball joint fitting allowing the … |
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WARN 26502 M8000 8000-lb Winch $1,199.99 M8000; Self-Recovery Winch; 8000 lbs./3630 kg; 12V DC Motor; w/Roller Fairlead; 100 ft. Wire Rope; CE Certified; – Tough – Outstanding Value – Compact… |
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New Sierra Wireless W-1 Battery Great To A Backup Or Replacement Capacity 1800mah Voltage 37V $5.80 Like New condition. Works in the Clear Spot 4g+ and the Sprint Overdrive 4g Spot. Voltage: 3.7V 6.66Wh; Min. Capacity: 1800mAh…. |
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Sierra Electric JB5293 Motion Sensor Entry Light $10.95 Motion Sensor Light seven bright, photosensitive LED lights automatically turn on when you approach in the dark and shut off ten seconds later. No wires, electricity or installation necessary. Doubles as a security light to deter intruders. Weatherproof exterior makes it ideal for entryways, above windows and more. Use indoors or outdoors. Requires 3 C batteries, not included. Easy to mount. ABS p… |
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Minn Kota Circuit Breaker 60A Waterproof (Mkr-19) $30.86 Circuit breaker (mkr-19) protects trolling motor from electrical damage. 60 amp rating with manual reset. Fully waterproof. Compatible with all 12, 24 and 36-volt systems…… |
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As Seen on TV Stick Up Bulb $3.00 Stick Up Bulb is the amazing wireless light bulb that installs anywhere, requires no wiring or an electrician to install and provides lighting whenever you need it. Just peel and stick the base then slide in this revolutionary light bulb. That’s all you have to do to light up your closets, stairwells, and anywhere that you need light. Use it outdoors in your shed or under your patio umbrella to pr… |
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WARN 26502 M8000 8000-lb Winch $1,199.99 Warn Industries’ 26502 M8000 vehicle recovery winch an outstanding value for trucks, sport utility vehicles and Jeeps. Featuring a 4.8-hp series wound motor packing an 8,000 lbs pull rating, as well as a 3-stage planetary geartrain, it provides advanced pulling power that is efficient yet quiet. Add this to its 100� of 5/16 wire rope with standard roller fairlead, a sliding ring gear … |
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Sierra Tools JB5571 Ceiling/Wall Light with Remote $8.99 Cordless ceiling/wall light with remote control light switch. Add the elegance of recessed lighting to your home. Cordless electric convenience. Easy installation, no wiring needed. Designed as flush ceiling down lights. Puts the right modern accent and ambiance on any space. Installs instly. Bery operated complete with remote control. Perfect for ceilings, closets, stairwells…anywhere. Light me… |
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SIGMA ONYX Fit Heart Rate Monitor Watch $69.99 Sigma Sport’s digitally coded Onyx Fit Heart Rate Monitor Watch persuades all those who practice sport to get fit because of its user-friendly operation and training functions: fitness test to determine the level of fitness, lap counter (50 laps), adjustable training zones and 7 memory locations for the ideal training analysis and evaluation. The watch also offers a freely programmable endurance t… |
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Cradlepoint Travel Router CTR-500 $84.95 Routers & Gateways – Wireless, Cradlepoint, CTR500 Cellular Travel Router with Car Charger, US, CTR-500… |
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Sierra Wireless Lightning 305 AT&T GSM USB aircard $34.18 The AT&T USBConnect Lightning provides enhanced mobile broadband performance on the nation’s fastest 3G network for quick and easy access to email, the Internet and business applications on your laptop while on the go. The combination of 3G mobile broadband speeds and EDGE national coverage provides an ideal mix of coverage and performance. The USBConnect Lightning connects to your laptop via the … |
