carbon batteries
An Introduction to Different Battery Technologies
A battery contains an electrochemical cell that is capable of converting stored chemical energy into electrical energy. Single use batteries that can be used and discarded are available. Rechargeable batteries can be used for a much longer period of time. Batteries mainly fall under two major categories namely primary and secondary batteries. Phone batteries, laptop batteries, and cordless phone batteries are all classified under these broad categories.
Primary batteries Primary batteries are for meant for single use and cannot be recharged. Zinc carbon, zinc chloride, lithium thionyl chloride, lithium manganese dioxide, mercury oxide, and alkaline manganese dioxide are all examples of primary batteries.
1. Lithium batteries are said to have longer shelf life with high energy density.
2. Zinc chloride and zinc carbon batteries are widely used in consumer applications. Their self discharge rate is slow.
3. Oxyride batteries are batteries are said to be the best disposable batteries as they last much longer than other alkaline batteries.
4. Alkaline batteries are commonly used for household and general purposes as they emit good power and are also less expensive.
Secondary batteries Secondary batteries are rechargeable batteries. When being recharged, the electrical energy provided during charging reverses the chemical reaction. Examples of secondary batteries include nickel cadmium, lead acid, nickel metal hydride, and lithium ion batteries.
1. Nickel cadmium batteries were once commonly used, but are now being replaced by nickel metal hydride batteries. These batteries can last for a long time if used with care.
2. Nickel metal hydride batteries are high capacity batteries. They do not contain any toxic cadmium and have good self discharge rate.
3. Lithium ion batteries are used in consumer electronics. These batteries have a slow self discharge rate and do not contain any memory effect. Cell phone batteries, laptop batteries, and cordless phone batteries are all lithium ion batteries.
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